Hammer crusher



HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Aug. 25, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l OOEI EIIEI OO nfince INVENTOR= April 21, 1931.

G. W. BORTON HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Aug. 25, 1928 a Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR April 21, 1931. G. w. BORTON HAMMER CRUSHER Filed Aug. 25, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 \NVENTOR:

Gem-82W Orton,

x G {y K A I Patented Apr.. 21, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GEORGE W. BORTON, OF NEW LISBON, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO PENNSYLVANIA CRUSHEB COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK HAMMER CRUSHER Application filed August 25, 1928. Serial No. 302,080.

My invention relates to crushing structures of the character or type known as hammer mills, that is to say structures which involve 'a supporting base, a suitable housing or frame mounted thereon and enclosing a chamber receiving. the 'material to be crushed and including a cage or screen made up of suitable grate bars, a breaker plate (or plates), and a rotor structure carrying a series of hammers designed to act upon the material to be crushed. The machineis of massive and rigid construction and is designed to receive what is known as steam shovel feed or the contents of a quarry car may be delivered into the hopper leading to the crushing zone.

An important feature of my invention is the character of the upper partof the chamber comprising the feed chute or hopper into which the material to be crushed is dumped; one wall of the same being in the form of a heavy, reinforced plate, preferably curved and partially overhanging the hopper, which wall or plate may be pivotally connected to the frame or'houslng.

A further object of my' invention is to provide means whereby the material to be crushed may be retarded in'its movement through the hopper and temporarily supported in a position to be engaged by the hammers of the rotor structure in their uprunning or overhead move'i'nent.

A further object of my invention is to wall or breaking surface of the hopper. at

the point where the grid bars enter the same, such guard or wear members forming -a pocket adjacent such breaker wall for retention of foreign uncrushable material which may be subsequently removed.

A further object of my invention is to provide the inner face of the curved wall of the hopper with wear plates having hooked extensions providing pockets for the reception of foreign, uncrushable material, and which maybe disposed above the point where the grid bars pass through such wall.

A further object of my invention is to provide the pivotally mounted breaker wall of the chute or hopper with projecting members, associated with grid bars which do not extend entirely across the hopper; said projecting members being adjustable with respect to the wall of the hopper, toward and from the ends of the grid bars.

A further object of my invention is to provide the pivotally mounted breaker wall of the hopper with rounded projections carried by a wear plate member (or members) which may be pivotally mounted in said pivotally mounted wall and arranged to be projected toward the ends of grid bars which-do not extend entirely across the hopper, with means for holding said pivotally hungwear plate members in their adjusted positions.

And a still further object of my invention is to provide a structure highly efiicient for the crushing of material by what may be termed uprunning hammers, that ,is to say, hammers which pass upwardly between the grid bars located in the feed chute or hopper and which, in addition to the incremental breaking or crushing action imparted thereby to the material being crushed, tend to lift the same from said grid barsor other temporary support; thereby assisting in the dislodgenient of the larger masses of m'aterial to be crushed temporarily retarded by the grid bars, and insuring proper reduction of the material delivered substantially by gravity into the path of the hammers for further reduction in cooperation withthe bars of the cage or screen.

These and other features of my invention, embodying various details of construction making up my improved crushing structure, are more fully described hereinafter; reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation, more or less diagrammatic in character, illustrating one form of hammer crushing mechanism within the scope of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a portion of structure shown in Figure 1, taken on the line 11-11, and looking in the direction of the arrow (1.

Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional elevations more or less similar to Figure 1, illustrating further details of construction within the sec e of my invention.

Fig.4 is a sectional elevation more or less similar to Figs. 1, 3 and 4, illustrating further details of construction within the scope of my invention.

Pig. 5 is a fragmentary elevation, partly in section and on a slightly larger scale, of a )ortion of the structure shown in Figure 1.

ig. 5 is a similar view of a portion of the structure shown in Fig. 4.

Fi 6 is a perspective View of the wear members shown in Figs. 1 and 5, and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a portion of the structure shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

My improved structure may comprise a base 1, supporting a frame or housing, indicated generally at 1, which may be made of structural metal and/or heavy cast parts suitably secured together and supporting the various elements making up the crushing structure, and more fully referred to hereinafter.

A screen or cage 2, made up of arcuate side members 3, supporting a series of bars 4, is disposed in the base portion of the structure; such screen as a whole being pivotally supported on a shaft 5 disposed at one end of the machine, and adjustably supported at the opposite end; preferably by chains 6, passing over pinions 7, carried by a shaft 8; which chains may be adjusted as desired to elevate or lower the right hand end of the cage or screen by imparting rotative movement to said shaft 8. The bars 4 may be of the type illustrated in my Patent No. 1,624,886, dated April 12, 1927, or

like those shown in the copending applica-.

tion of Oscar Anderson, filed July 24, 1928, Serial No. 295,039. The shaft 5 supporting the left hand end of the cage or screen, as illustrated in the drawings, may be of the adjustable type, such as illustrated in the patent of Charles R. Rouse, No. 1,695,562,

Within the crushing chamber provided by such cage or screen and above the latter a hammer-carrying rotor structure is mounted, comprising a shaft 10, journaled in suitable bearings 11; end plates 12; a series of disks 13 arranged between said end lates; rods 14 extending longitudinally of the rotor structure and passing through said disks and secured to said end plates, and hammers 15 which are pivotally hung on. said rods.

Hammer-carrying rotor structures of this general type are well known in the art and the hammers may be of any suitable type; preferably of massive and heavy construction, which may have renewable tips in order that wear may be compensated for and fresh tips supplied without removing the shanks of the hammers from the suspension rods 14.

The chute or hopper into which the material to be crushed may be delivered is indicated generally at 20, and is partly overhung by a curved breaker wall or plate 21, forming one end of the crusher structure and which may comprise a reinforced frame or plate of heavy construction, pivotally mounted on the shaft 5 supporting the ca e or screen and having its inner and partial y overhanging face provided with a series of renewable wear members 22, which may be secured to said frame or plate by suitable bolts, as indicated at 23. In order that the delivery of materialinto the crushing zone may be retarded to a certain extent and the desired reduction by the hammers insured, a seriesof grid bars 25, may extend across the lower portion of the chute or hopper; such grid bars being disposed in relatively fixed position, and having portions seated in the wall 21 of the frame or housing with their opposite ends 25 slightly reduced and extending into and through the curved wall 21.

In the form of structure shown in Fig. 1, the grid bars 25 are shown as extending entirely across the discharge end of the hopper or chute. They lie in such position as to temporarily support the larger masses of material fed into the hop er while the latter are being-acted upon by t 1e uprunning hammers 15 which may move in the direction of the arrow b, until such larger masses have been reduced or broken to a size that will permit passage throu h the spaces between the grid bars for furtfier action by the hammers 15, cooperating with the bars 4 of the cage or screen, in the final crushing chamber of the machine.

The tendency of the uprunning hammers is to push the rock or other mass being re- 3;

duced and an portions broken off toward the lower part 0 the wall 21 and the wear upon the latter will be concentrated at this point. To prevent such wear upon the main breaker plate structure and the grid bars at the point where they pass through such plate, I may provide supplemental wear members which may be disposed upon and between the rid bars and secured to the wear plate 21 t rou h which the ends 25 of said bars pass. T ese wear ,members are clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and may comprise yoke-shaped pieces 6, constructed to rest upon the ends of the rid bars; the ends 25' of the latter being r cessed as indicated in mit the hammers to pass Figs. 1 and 5, to receive said members 26. The upper surface of these wear members may conform to and form an extenson of the upper surface of the grid bars and they have depending portions 27 which lie between the bars ad acent each other, as clearly indicated in Fig. 5. wear members 26 are recessed at 26 to per and they may be secured to the plate 21 by bolts 28. In additionto the function of taking the thrust of material undergoing crushing that is forced over by the uprunning hammers, these supmeans may be provided, and one of these indicated at 22 for instance,

plates, that may be provided with a series of adjustable members in the form of rods 30 projecting through said wear plate; which projecting rods may be disposed above the grid bars 25 or set in any manner with respect to the same that may be desired; such arrangement being illustrated in Fig. 3. No claim is made herein to this arrangement, however; the same being claimed in an application filed June 6, 1929, Serial No. 368,819, now Patent No. 1,7 86,694, issued December 30, 1930. The position of these projecting rods is such that they afford additional means for retarding the delivery of the material to be crushed and for this purpose they may be set at various angles and secured in position by anysuitable means that will permit them to function in the proper manner. i 7

By providing the rods 30 with racks, indicated at 30, longitudinal motion may be imparted to them by means of pinions 31, mounted on a shaft 32 which may be journaled in the reinforced frame or plate forming the curved 'wall 21; 'ahand wheel 33 by hand and serving to rock said shaft 32 and efiect the desired movement of said rods 30 when it is desired to adjust the same. This movement may also be employed to dislodge any'rock masses which may have been wedged in the lower part of the chute above the grid bars. In lieu'of such operating means for these bars, they may be set in the desired position be held therein by adjusting wedges.

In the form of the rods 30 are shown as structure shown in Fig. 3' associated with Such supplemental forms of grid bars 250, which do not 'e.\'- tend entirely across the lower end of the chute or hopper. Grid bars of this type may terminate at a point just beyond the vertical'axis of the rotor structure, or at any desired point where they will perform the desired function. These bars maybe of the type disclosedin. the copcnding application of Charles A. Jamison, filed Aug. 25, 1928 Serial No. 302,108 and may be vertically adjustable in the manner disclosed therein.

Another form of supplemental retarding means which may be employed with grid bars of the shorter type, is shown in Fig. 4. In this arrangement, the curved plate or frame 21 is shown as provided with a section (or sections) 35, pivotally mounted on a cross bar 36, carried by said frame 21 and having means whereby it may be moved toward and from the ends of the grid bars; its normal posit-ion being within the recess 21. Such means may be in the formof a rod (or rods) 37 pivotally connected at 37", to the section (or sections) 35,

passing through a rockingsupport (or sup-v and ports) 38. Therod (or rods) 37 may be provided with apertures 39, for the passage of a retaining pin (or pins) 39, designed to hold the pivotally mounted section (or sections) 35 in adjusted positions. This section (or sections) 35 may carry a series of detachable bosses 40, of the type illustrated in the Jamison application referred to, whose position with respect to the ends of the grid bars'250 may be altered as conditions may require. The upper end of the section (or sections) 35 may be rounded as indicated at 35 so that rock masses which may strike against the same will slide off without occasioning undue shock or breakage. When worn, the section (or sections) 35 may be renewed byfirst removing the cross bar 36. The bosses 40 may be renewed when worn by detaching the bolts 4.0 holding them to the section (or sections) No claim is made herein to this arrangement, however; the same'being claimed in an application filed June 6, 1929, Serial No. 368,820, now Patent No. 1,786,695, issued December 30, 1930.

The protective members 26, illustrated in Figs. 1, 5 and 6, mounted on'the grid bars 25 at the point where the latter enter the wall or plate 21, provides shallow or receivers crushable material which may accompan the material bei crushed and as suc pockets are locate beyond the path of the hammers, anythin will be maintaine out of the way of the hammers and maybe subsequently removed. Pockets of a similar nature may be employed with other forms of m crushing structures,

andin Figs. 4 and 5 have shown a series ockets 26 for tramp llOIl or ot er uncaught between same of wear plates in, carried by the pivotally mounted wall or plate 21, as provided with a series of hook members 260 which project into the space of the hopper and serve two functions. They afford temporary supporting means for rock masses which may bridge between the same and the shorter gzid bars 250, which extend part-way cross the lower portion of the hopper i below the top of the hammer path, and in addition the recesses or pockets 26 serve to catch any tramp iron, bolts and the like, that may accompany the material operated upon. These hook members 260 may be arranged in pairs, as illustrated in Fig. 5, although in some instances it may be desirable to employ a single projection of this hooked type with each wear plate section. These hook members or projections 260 may be disposed in the position shown in full lines, or the position shown in broken lines, Fig. 4

The cage or screen structure comprises the arcuate side members 3, connected together by suitable spacing cross members 3*, 3 et seq; such side members being hung on the shaft 5 at one end (which shaft may be of the type disclosed in the patent of Rouse, before referred to), and supported at the opposite end by the chains 6, which ass over the pinions 7, carried by the sha t 8. Such cage or screen structure may include a breaking surface indicated at 45, in addition to the bars 4, and in some instances I ma employ other cross members such as the iig ter bars, disposed singly or in groups, indicated at 4, or the cross-member 46. A flanged member 47 secured to the right hand end of the cage structure may serve to bridge the gap between the screen bars 4 and a cross member 48 forming part of the frame or housing of the crushing structure. In the form of structures illustrated in Figs. 1. 3 and 4, the breaking surface 45 is a relatively fixed part of the cage or screen, and may be secured in recesses in the side members 3, adjacent their pivotal connection with the shaft 5, or in any other suitable manner. In the structure shown in Fig. 4, however, the cage or screen may be provided with a so-called safety breaker plate 45", which may have releasable safety means in the'form of a breakable element or elements associated with its supporting means in the cage or screen, so that if masses of Foreign, nncrushable material. pass the grid bars 25 (or 250) and are met by the hammers 15, such safety breaker plate may be temporarily displaced; rockin on the shaft 5 without damage to the mac line and per-- sitting removal of the uncrushable mass. The releasable means with a breakable element may be associated with a member carried by the cage or screen which may be the cross member 46 extending between the side members 3 and constituting an extension of said cage or screen, or a SPfclllQ cross member 3 extending bct -icen depending brackets of the side m mbers; 3 anddisposed below the shaft 5 upon which said side members are pivotally hung. justably supporting this safety breaker pla L'J member may be employed. This safety breaker plate and its supporting means form no part of the invention claimed herein, however, being described and claim -1 in my divisional application Serial No. 422,239.

The safety breaker plate 45, shown in Fig. 4, may be in the form of a cast member extending across the lower part of the machine between the curved side frames 3 of the cage or screen and constituting part of the breaking or crushing surface of my improved structure disposed between the pivotally mounted but relatively fixed plate or wall 21, and the grate bars 4 or 4 of the cage or screen, or the cross-member 46 there of. This safety breaker plate may be hung from the shaft 5 supporting the cage or screen and arranged between the side members thereof, and it is preferably provided with wear plates 50.

A tramp iron pocket may be arranged at the right hand side of the machine, just beyond the end of the cage or screen. At such part of the machine the cross portion 21 of the frame which extends between the side walls of the structure and serves as a support for the ends 25 of the grid bars 25 disposed across the vchute or hopper is arched, and receives a wear plate 71 which may extend partway into the crushing chamber; being notched at 72 for the passage of the hammers. An opening '73 is provided between the cross member 48 and said plate 71, and uncrushable material discharged through said opening 73 may drop onto the shelf provided by said cross-member 48. Itwill be seen therefore that any tramp iron in the form of spikes, bolts, nuts and/or the like or other uncrushable material in the path of the hammers will be forcibly thrown against this arched wear plate 71 and be discharged from the crushmg zone.

It will be understood, of course, that the several walls of the machine, including the chute or hopper, will be provided with the usual Wear plates, and that the side members 3 of the cage or screen will carry the usual shedding members designed to shed or direct material being crushed into the path of the hammers and through the spaces between the bars of the screen or cage.

'It will benoted that the bottom of the feed chute or hopper formed by the grid bars 25, cuts into the uprunning hammer circle at a point below the high point of the same; in other Words, the uprunning hammers have an opportunity of impacting Various means of adfiled Januar 20, 1930.

Ian

Ill]

the stone on an upgrade for a considerable portion of the arc of the hammer circle, before the center or highest part of the hammer circle is reached. This is believed to be a distinctly advantageous feature ofconstruction, as large pieces of stone or other material are retarded in going uphill and this additional time element gives the ham-' mers better opportunity in the early stages, when the pieces of stone or other material are large, for the important and heavier preliminary breaking, so that when the uncrushed material gets upto the zenith or highest portion of the circle and starts downward at increased speed, it is better adapted, by reason of its size, to take the balance of the ride down hill to the left of the zenith, when its speed would be faster and where the lesser but no less important secondary crushing takes place. In other words, it seems distinctly better that the larger pieces of material particularly, which are the most difficult to reduce, are presented to the hammer circle on an upgrade and at slower speed, rather than at the top of the circle where they would be more rapidly carried into a down hill position.

This condition would give the hammers less time to do the preliminary heavy crushing, which would mean thatthe material would enter the rapidly restricting zone between the hammers and the breaking surface of the wall or plate 21, in appreciably large sizes; thereby causing congestion of work in this, restricted zone; reducin the chance for a complete and final reduction from the hammer action, with increased wear and shock to the machine, and the necessity of increased power because the total reduction period would be considerably increased.

I claim: 1. In a crushing machine, the combination with a housing frame having a hopper and a breaker wall structure forming one side of said hopper and pivotally connected to said frame; said breaker wall partly overhangin said hopper, of a pivotally mounted cage a justably disposed in the lower portion of said housing frame and below said overhanging breaker wall structure, a rotor structure carrying hammers cooperating with said cage, and means located in said hopper between said overhanging breaker wall structure and the rotor and overlying the latter for retardin the passage of material to be crushed w ereby said material may be subjected to the action of said hammers in their uprunning movement while temporarily retarded.

2. In a crushing machine, the combination with a housing frame having a hopper and a breaker wall structure forming one side of said hopper and pivotally connected to said frame; said breaker wall partly overhanging said hopper, of a pivotally mounted cage adjustably disposed in the lower portion of said housing frame and'below said over hanging breaker wall structure and cooperating therewith, a rotor structure operating 7 -within said cage, a series of hammers ca'r- 4. In a structure such as set forth in claim g 2, protective members associated with the ends of said grid bars at the point where theyenter the breaker wall structure; said protective members being beyond the path of the hammers and having pockets for the reception of uncrushable material. a

5. In a structure such as set forth in claim I 2, a series of arched grid bars extending across the lower portion of the hopper between which the hammers may pass; said bars being fixed at one end and having a loose connection with the breaker wall structure, and protective means hung over said bars and secured to said breaker wall structure.

6. In a crushing machine, the combination with a frame or housing having. a hopper and a pivotally mounted breaker wall partly overhanging said hopper and forming one wall of the same, of a cage adjustably mounted in the lower portion of said frame and below said overhanging breaker wall, a rotor structure carrying hammers cooperating with said cage, and arched bars located in said hopper and entering the lower part of said overhangin breaker wall above its pivotal connection or retarding the passage of material to be crushed whereb said material may be subjected to the actlon of said hammers while temporarily retarded. Y

7 In a crushing machine, the combination with a frame or housing having a hopper and a pivotally mounted breaker wall partly overhanging said hopper,-of a cage adjustably mounted in the lower .portion of said frame and below said overhanging breaker wall and cooperating therewith, a rotor structure operating within said cage, 9. series of hammers carried by said rotor structure, and a series arched grid bars extending across the bottom of said hopper and entering said breaker wall above its pivotal: connection for temporarily retard ing the material to be crushed; the hammers said pivotally mounted said pass between said grid bars in their uprunning movement and engage the material temporarily supported thereby.

8. In a structure such as set forth in claim 7, rotective members carried by the breaker wa l and overlying said grid bars at a point where they enter said breaker wall.

9. In a structure such as set forth in claim 7, protective members overlying the ends of said grid bars at the point where they enter the breaker wall structure; said bars being recessed for the reception of said protective members and the latter being disposed beyond'the path of'the hammers and having pockets for the reception of uncrushable material.

10. In a hammer crusher, the combination with a frame roviding a crushing chamber and a pivotal y mounted cage disposed in the lower part of the same having a series of grate bars through which the crushed material is delivered, of a feed hogiper having an overhanging curved wall orming a continuation of the curve of the cage and delivering into said crushing chamber; said curved wall beingpivotally connected to the frame, a rotor structure within the crushing chamber having hammers, and a grid extending across the lower part of the hopper over said rotor structure and lying below the upper part of the hammer circle; said grid engaging the pivotally mounted wall of the hopper and forming retarding means for the material bein crushed and permitting nipping action 0% the hammers in their uprunning movement.

11. A crushing structure comprising a frame having a hopper for receiving the material to be crushed, a pivotally mounted wall forming one side of said hopper, a cross member carried by the frame opposite said pivotally mounted wall; the bottom of said hop r being in the form of a grid supported at one end by said cross member and entering the pivotally mounted wall at its opposite end, and rotary heaters disposed between said grid and adapted to pass between the bars of the same and into said hopper.

12. A crushing chamber comprising a frame having a hopper for receiving the terial to be crushed, a pivotally mounted wall forming one side of said hopper, a cross member carried by the frame opposite wall; the bottom of opper being in the form of grid bars supported at one end by said cross member and entering the ivotally mounted wall at their opposite en s, rotary beaters disposed below said rid and adapted to pass between the bars 0 the same into said hopper, a pivotally mounted cage adjustably disposed in the lower part of the structure and below said grid bars, and a series of spaced bars carried by said cage at right angles to the grid bars and forming the bottom of the crushing chamber. and cooperating with said heaters.

13. A crushing structure comprising a frame having a hopper for receiving material to be crushed, an overhung pivotally mounted wall forming one side of said hopper, a cross member carried by the frame opposite said pivotally mounted wall; the bottom of said hopper being in the form of grid bars supported at one end by said cross member and entering the pivotally mounted wall at their opposite ends, rotary heaters arranged below said grid and adapted to pass between the bars of the same into said hopper, a pivotally mounted cage adjustably disposed in the lower part of the structure and below said grid bars, and a series of spaced bars carried by said cage and cooperating with said rotary heaters; said grid serving to arrest large masses of the material to be crushed which may be subjected to nipping action by the heaters for reduction prior to passage to the space below the grid for further action by said heaters in cooperation with the bars of the cage.

14. A crushing structure comprising a hopper for the material to be crushed having its bottom in the form of a grid made up of arched bars, rotary beaters arranged to pass between the bars of said grid into said hopper for engagement in their uprunning movement with material temporarily supported by said grid, a fixed support for the upper ends of said bars, and saddleshaped protective members associated with the opposite ends of said bars.

15. A crushing structure comprising a hopper for the material to be crushed having its bottom in the form of a grid made up of arched bars, rotary heaters arranged to (pass between the bars of said grid into sai hopper for engagement in their uprunning movement with material temporarily supported by said grid, a fixed support for the upper ends of said bars, and wear members forming a tramp iron pocket associated with the opposite ends of said bars.

In witness whereof I have signed this specification.

GEORGE W. BORTON. 

